NOTE:
THIS COLLECTION WAS PARTIALLY PROCESSED AND ARRANGED THROUGH FUNDS GRANTED BY THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION AND PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF FAMILY AND FRIENDS OF ROBERT LELAND

ROBERT LELAND

I first met Robert Leland in the summer of 1965 when he was in Washington, D.C. working on the water rights problems of the Pyramid Lake Paiutes. He called the office of the National Congress of American Indians, where I had been working late, and invited me to meet him for coffee and conversation. We talked until the restaurant closed and in a short evening he was able to provide me with a fascinating background of the tribe, its current problems, and its future potential. Additionally, Bob was able to present such a vivid picture of the politics of the tribe that several years later when I was able to visit Nevada and meet with the tribal council, I was well-prepared to speak to some of their most pressing concerns.

Over the years then, I came to rely on Bob's counsel and advice on many technical problems and we became good friends, keeping in touch long after our lives changed radically and he was retired and I was teaching in a university. During the course of our close professional relationship I came to learn that Bob had been a stalwart supporter of the National Congress of American Indians, regardless of which political faction happened to be in office, and that he had always made it a point to come to the NCAI conventions and assist the delegates in drafting resolutions, in discussing national issues, and in promoting the growth of this national Indian organization. His close attention to detail was of considerable value in the days of termination when proposed legislation containing many innocent-appearing phrases actually had the seeds of destruction contained within them.

In the spring of 1967 John Belindo, who was heading the NCAI office in Washington, D.C., was able to smuggle a draft of the much heralded but secret "Omnibus Bill" out of Interior. This proposal was Stewart Udall's major effort in Indian legislation but it had some dreadful provisions, most notably it would have allowed the Bureau of Indian Affairs to mortgage tribal trust land to secure funds for economic development. It was dangerous in that many suspicious characters hovered around the Bureau seeking to gain concessions of Indian lands, water, and resources and allowing mortgages to be out on tribal lands would have opened the chicken coop to the great variety of predators waiting outside.

We had to quickly reach a consensus on how to respond to this proposal and so I called a special secret meeting in Denver to analyze the bill. Robert Leland was the only tribal attorney asked to attend this meeting. I was well aware that almost every other tribal attorney would have taken the draft bill, slipped out of the meeting, and contacted his tribes and claimed credit for having unmasked this Interior proposal. I knew, however, that Bob Leland would be more interested in helping us devise a strategy to stop the proposal than he would in getting credit for exposing it. It is a singular tribute to Bob's integrity that not a word of our meeting or strategy leaked out until we were prepared to oppose the bill and at no time, even when the fight against its approval was the most desperate, did Bob ever try to claim credit for his help even though his help was considerable.

So he was a man of rare personal integrity, and a good friend besides. What struck me most about Bob was his willingness to give support to the good people within the tribe in their time of real depression. He never abandoned any of them even if they were not in office at the time and he really cared for this little tribe of Paiutes and gave a good deal of himself to them in many ways. His papers show the broad scope of this research and concern and illustrate for future scholars and historians the nature of Indian life and political problems during the last half of this century.

I am honored that Bob's family has asked me to write a little introduction to be included with his papers in the University of Nevada, Reno library. I am certain that people using these papers will be guided by the warm, wise, and generous spirit of Robert Leland as they see him emerge in his correspondence and research. He was quite a man and I am pleased to have been included among his friends.

Vine Deloria, Jr.
Tucson, Arizona

Robert Leland, 1912-1986

Robert Leland was born in New York City in 1912; his parents were Henry Leland and Marion Randall Leland. He attended New York schools and graduated from Amherst College, 1934, and Harvard Law School, 1938. Before coming to Nevada, Leland practiced law in New York City, 1938-1940; served as legal advisor to various Federal agencies, including the National Labor Relations Board, Civil Aeronautics Board, Office of Price Administration, and Foreign Economic Administration, 1941-1946; and practiced law in Washington, D.C., 1946-1952.

Leland came to Reno, Nevada in 1952 and began his Nevada law practice in 1956. In his law practice he specialized in real estate, business and water law, and Indian affairs and administrative law. He served as general counsel and water law advisor for the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe from 1958-1971. During this time, Leland drafted legislation related to Indian affairs, water law and recreation for, and adopted by, the Nevada and California Legislatures. He helped organize a national "Save Pyramid Lake" effort which included spearheading opposition to the California-Nevada Water Compact in both states.

In addition to his law practice, Leland was President of the Leland Marine Company; and developed tree farming, fish culture, and rehabilitation of buildings, water system, roads, streams, and forests at Fuller Lake, Verdi. He acquired the Pacific Wood Lumber and Flume Company and donated most of its lands to the surrounding Toiyabe National Forest through the Trust for Public Lands.

Robert Leland was married to Dr. Joy Hanson Leland, research professor of Anthropology at the Desert Research Institute. He had two sons: Dr. John Park Leland who teaches writing at the Krannert School of Management, Purdue University; and Richard Randall Leland (deceased). He had one grandchild, John Eric Leland.

Mr. Leland was a member of the American, Nevada, and Washoe County Bar Associations; trustee of the Federated Church of Reno; delegate to Nevada and Washoe County Democratic conventions, and chair of the Washoe County Rules Committee; member of the Governor's Advisory Committee on Indian Affairs; associate member of the National Congress of American Indians; member of the Washoe County Personnel Committee; and advisor to the Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada, Truckee River Water Users Association, Washoe Project Advisory Committee, and Washoe County Community Action Association.
Mr. Leland died in Reno on October 24, 1986.

SCOPE AND CONTENT

The Robert Leland papers are contained in twenty-six archival boxes and one map case drawer. They cover the time period from 1912-1980; the bulk of the materials date from 1955-1972 and relate exclusively to Mr. Leland's professional career as counsel for the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe (PLPT).

The original donation of the collection was received in 1982 from Mr. Leland and was arranged in post binders, each containing materials dealing (generally) with a single subject. Thus, correspondence, notes, phone messages, reports, tribal records, news clippings, and other material relating to a specific subject are together. Leland had also assigned subject categories to almost every document. Working with the original order and using Leland's subject designations whenever possible, the collection is arranged into nine series. No attempt has been made to achieve strict chronological order. Inclusive dates appear on most file folders.

At the time of the original donation, Mr. Leland had removed some materials from the collection and retained these for his private use. Shortly after Leland's death and again in 1989, his wife Joy returned these and additional materials, consisting of about ten cubic feet. Most of these papers were of the same kind as donated originally; they were integrated into the collection to conform to Leland's arrangement of the collection (with few exceptions, which are explained in each series description).

Most of the collection remains open with no restrictions on use. Two of the boxes of material related to economic development of Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation and to a lawsuit brought by Leland against Reno T.V. Channel 2 require permission from Mrs. Leland for access.

Additional information on the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe can be found in the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe records, 1934-1979, collection number NC16 in the Special Collections Department.

Originally processed by: Lenore M. Kosso, 1983
Added materials processed by: Susan Searcy

1989 ROBERT LELAND MEMORIAL FUND PAGE - to be supplied by Mrs. Leland

The Robert Leland papers are arranged into the following series:

Series 1 Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Records and Subject Files

Series 2 Pyramid Lake Economic Development

Series 3 Water

Series 4 Indian Claims

Series 5 Nevada Indians (Other than Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe)

Series 6 National Indian Organizations

Series 7 Bureau of Indian Affairs

Series 8 Leland vs Channel 2

Series 9 Maps

Series 10 Obituaries of Robert Leland

Series 11 Photographs

Series 1 NC1035/1 Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Records and Subject Files. 6.5 cu. ft. 1912-1980.

This series contains a variety of materials pertaining to the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe. Although most of the material in the collection relates in some way to the tribe, subjects such as water, economic development and claims are treated as separate series because of the volume of materials. Contained in this series are file folders of smaller subject categories. Included are the charter, constitution and by-laws of the tribe, correspondence and tribal business, financial accounts, meetings and resolutions. Subject folders contain information about education, elections, health, housing, law and order, mining, special events and projects of the tribe, and attorney contracts and reports. Folders are arranged by subject in alphabetical order with one exception: "anthropology" folders are contained in box 1a; the remainder of this series is contained in boxes numbered 1b-6.

Box 1a

1/1-7a - Anthropology. Includes historical notes and copies of scholarly articles about Pyramid Lake the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe. ca 1860s to 1970s.

1/8a - "The Secrets of Hidden Cave" by David Hurst Thomas in Nevada Magazine, July/Aug. 1980;
"The Mysteries of Hidden Cave" by Lee Adler in Reno Gazette Journal, June 27, 1980;
1964 Pyramid Lake calendar.

1/9a - "Notes on the Demography of the Kuyuitikadi, the Pyramid Lake Paiute" by Donald R. Tuohy (includes analysis of 1880 stick census). n.d.

1/10a - Articles from American Anthropologist:
"American Indian in Transition" by John Provinse, June 1954.
"Psychology's Role in Economic Development" by Everett E. Hagen. In Science vol. 134, p. 1608.
Typed dialogue of [fictional] meeting of Siwash Tribal Council.

1/11a - "Life Among the Paiutes [-] Their Wrongs and Claims" by Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins in Old West Magazine, Fall 1965.

Box 1b

no # - Xeroxes of first pages of printed materials placed in Special Collections book stacks.

1/1-10 - Accounts/financial.

1/11a-b - Advisory Committee on Indian Affairs [Nevada Governor's]. 1960-1965.

1/12a - Report to the Secretary of the Interior by the Task Force on Indian Affairs. July 1961.

1/12b - Report and recommendations to the Advisory Board on Indian Affairs by the Pyramid Lake Tribe. April 1961.

1/13-14 - Agricultural development. 1955-1964; 1965-1969.

1/15-16 - American Friends Service Committee. 1960-1969.

1/17 - Arts and crafts (formerly Wa-Pai-Shone). 1965-1967.

1/18 - Attorney reports by Leland to PLPT and the Secretary of the Interior.

1/19-26 - Attorney contracts, 1959-1969, including a file on James E. Curry, PLPT claims attorney before Weisbrott and Weisbrott.

1/26a - Attorney correspondence, mostly from Leland on a variety of subjects related to the tribe. 1961-1973.

Box 2

1/27-31 - Attorney contracts and reports, con't.

1/32-33 - Boating and fishing. 1956-1969.

1/34-35 - Charter, constitution and by-laws.

1/36 - Education.

1/37 - Elections.

1/38 - Employment.

1/39-44b - Enrollment, census. 1913; 1934-1967.

1/45 - Excerpts from annual reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs relative to the Pyramid Lake Reservation. 1864-1920.

1/46 - Fish and game, fishing.

1/47 - Forms (samples of agreements, mineral prospecting permits, etc.) 1960s.

1/48-52 - General. 1960-1967.

Box 3

1/53-55 - General, con't. 1968-1972.

1/56-57 - George Stevens Productions, regarding the filming of the movie, "The Greatest Story Ever Told" at Pyramid Lake.

1/58 - Hardscrabble Ranch.

1/59 - Health.

1/60 - Highway Department. 1960-1967.

1/61 - Historical information relative to the Pyramid Lake Reservation (copies of memoirs, scholarly studies, extracts from Water Master's findings). n.d.

1/62-64 - Housing. 1960-1967.

1/65 - Housing assignments.

1/66 - Housing Authority.

1/67 - Indian rights.

1/68 - Inter-Tribal Council. [Additional material may also be found in Series 5, Box 23, folder 21.]

1/69-74 - Law and order.

Box 4

1/75-86 - Law and order, con't.

1/87 - Number not used.

1/88 - McCarran bill.

1/89 - Mining - silver (Aluevich).

1/90 - Mining - marl (Crawford).

1/91 - Mining - marl (Strain).

1/92 - Mining - silver (Stroud & Utter).

1/93 - Mining - limestone (Nevada Cement Company).

1/94-96a - Mining, 1960-1967.

1/96b - Miscellaneous articles and correspondence.

1/97 - Newspaper clippings about the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe and its members. 1961-1974.

Box 5

1/98 - Newspaper clippings, con't. 1972-1973.

1/99-117 - Minutes, PLPT Tribal Council. 1934-1969.

1:118-121 - Minutes, resolutions, law and order code, corporate charter.

1:122-124 - Office of Economic Opportunity. 1964-1968.

1:125 - Pancho, Hastings, estate.

1/126 - Ordinances.

1/127 - Permits, leases.

1/128 - Public health.

1/129 - Railroad, 1912-1969.

Box 6

1/130 - Reno Regatta. 1960-1965.

1/131 - Reports: "Report of the Physical Survey of the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Nixon, Washoe County, Nevada. Vol. 1, Agricultural Lands" by
Paul A. Krause, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, 1942. "Report on Pyramid Lake Investigation, Oct. 28-31, 1946" by the National Park Service, 1947. "Pyramid Lake" by Fred Gunsky in the Sierra Club Bulletin, Sept. 1970.

1/132-140 - Resolutions. 1952-1965.

1/141-143b - Resolutions and ordinances. 1959-1960.

1/144 - Southern Pacific Railroad Company right-of-way.

1/145 - Tribal business - correspondence. 1960-1972.

1/146 - Tribal business - committees, meetings, resolutions. 1960-1972.

1/147-149 - Utilities.

1/150-154 - Warrior Point County Park, Washoe County Parks and Recreation Department.

1/155 - Bryan Smith files: correspondence, budget, Plan of Operation for Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe. 1952-1963.

1/156-157 - Western Pacific Railroad Company, Standard Realty Development Company. 1962-1970.

Series 2 NC1035/2 Pyramid Lake Economic Development. 4 cubic feet. 1948-1972.

Plans for developing areas of Pyramid Lake were initiated by the PLPT and encouraged by the Secretary of the Interior and the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the early 1960s. It was hoped that through tourist and recreational development, managed by the tribe, benefits would accrue to substantially raise the standard of living of its members. The PLPT became eligible for participation in the Federal Area Redevelopment Program and also received aid from the Economic Development Administration to conduct a land use and water study for the area. Plans were subsequently approved by the government for leasing reservation lands to outside developers. However, large scale development at Pyramid Lake did not materialize and smaller projects were instead undertaken by the Tribe.

This series contains material relative to development efforts at Pyramid Lake. Included are plans and proposals submitted by developers, correspondence, Leland's notes, newspaper clippings, tribal resolutions and minutes of meetings, copies of business leases, brochures and maps which have been placed in map case drawers. The bulk of the material covers the time period from 1957-1970 and is contained in boxes 7, 8, 9a&b, and 26. The materials in Box 26 were added in 1989 and is restricted; permission from Mrs. Leland is necessary to view the contents of this box.

Box 7

2/1-16 - Economic development, general. 1957-1972.

2/17 - Industrial park. 1968-1970.

2/18 - Proposed land development projects.

Box 8

2/19 - Q. C. Lum (developer). 1965.

2/20-22 - Great Western Cities, Inc. 1968-1969.

2/23 - Huntington Harris. 1965-1966.

2/24-25 - Klammath Falls Group. 1968-1969.

2/26 - Gordon Novel. 1969.

2/27-33 - Area Redevelopment Administration (EDA). 1961-1969.

2/34 - EDA Project No. 08-1-00702, Arts and Crafts Building for Nixon.

2/35 - EDA Project No. 08-1-00700, A Community Building for PLPT, Nixon.

2/36 - Report on the Committee on Indian Affairs to the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government." Oct. 1948.

2/37 - Economic development, general.

Box 9a

2/38 - "Appraisal Report for Condor Chemical Corporation [for proposed Pyramid Lake site]" by William M. White. June 23, 1969.

2/39 - "We Need to Be Shown: A Study of the Talents, Work Potential and Aspirations of the Pyramid Lake Indians" by William Gomberg and Joy Leland. 1962.

2/40 - "Economic Development Plan for Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by William L. K. Schwarz and David P. Fogle (Spindletop Research). Aug. 1, 1963.

2/41 - "Pyramid Lake Planning," no author. n.d.

2/42 - Letter to Mr. Mayo from Walter J. Hickel, Secretary of the Interior. Mar. 18, 1969.

2/43 - Report from the Nevada Indian Agency, Stewart, to F. W. Haverland, Area Director [of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)]. Jan. 28, 1961.

2/44 - Letter to Senator Howard Cannon from John O. Crow, Acting Commissioner, BIA. June 13, 1961.

2/45 - "Reports on History of Nevada Indian Land Acquisitions, Legislation for Nevada Colonies." n.d.

2/46 - Fuhriman and Runyan Report on "Background Material for Indirect and Intangible Benefits Report of the Pyramid Lake Reservation." July 10, 1962.

2/47 - "Choice Making at Pyramid Lake" by Joy Leland. 1970.

2/48-51 - Economic Development for Pyramid Lake. 1950-1969.

2/52 - "Pyramid Lake Recreation Study" - preliminary. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. Nov. 1968.

2/53 - "Indian Land Management" by William M. Shenkel, BIA. 1966.

2/54 - Entitas Foundation grant proposal to Gannett Newspaper Foundation for funds to purchase the T-H Ranch near Sutcliffe, Nevada at Pyramid Lake. July 27, 1978.

Box 9b

NOTE: The contents of this box are not in folders. These printed materials include development plans, proposals and brochures.

- "Pyramid Lake Development Plan" by Lakeland Recreation Development Company, Reno. 1967. (Stored in oversize map case drawer).

- "Pyramid: A Design for Leisure Living Planned for the Shores of Pyramid Lake" by Charles W. Mapes Jr. and Associates, and Utah Construction and Mining Company. [Post 1961]. (Stored in oversize map case drawer).

- Nevaco, Inc. application to EDA for loan to finance commercial printing plant at Wadsworth.

- Site plan "Pyramid Lake: the Desert Lake," no author. n.d.

- "Consultant's Proposal for Economic Development Survey, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Nevada" by Wilsey, Ham & Blair. May 3, 1962.

- "Planning Assistance Program, Economic Development, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" proposed by Chambers & Campbell, Inc. April 27, 1962.
Box 9b

- "Economic Development Plan for Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by International Development Services, Inc. Aug. 1, 1963.

- Brochure "Recreation - Industry, Pyramid Lake Reservation" by PLPT.

- "Proposal for Economic Feasibility Study, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by Real Estate Research Corporation. May 18, 1967.

- "Economics of Water Acquisition for Pyramid Lake Fishway" by International Development Services, Inc. 1963.

- Application for a Technical Assistance Planning Grant. "Water Resources Study and Land Use Plan for the Economic Development of the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by PLPT. 1966.

- "Proposal for Feasibility Study of Developing Potable Water Supply and Land Use Plan for Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by Leeds, Hill and Jewett, Inc. 1967.

- Pyramid Lake Development Area [request for proposal]. 1967.

- "Water Resources Study and Land Use Plan...Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by Heinrich J. Thiele. 1967.

- "Water Resources and Land Use Plan of the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by Wilsey & Ham. Oct. 1979; and draft of same, n.d.

- Promotional brochures "The Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation."

- "Provisional Overall Economic Development Program, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by [BIA?]. n.d.

- "Pyramid Lake," no author. n.d.

- "Pyramid Lake Recreational Development Area" issued by the Superintendent, Nevada Indian Agency. n.d.

- "Proposal, Feasibility Study of Water Resources and Land Use Control, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Nevada" by Wilsey & Ham. May 17, 1967.

- "Development Program for Pyramid Lake Resort Complex, Executive Summary Report" prepared by Techno-Economics Division, Spindletop Research, Inc. 1965.

- Official program, 1961 Reno Gold Cup World Championship of Hydroplane Racing.

- "Planning and Management of Development Programs for Private and Public Organizations" by International Development Services, Inc. Mar. 1962.

- "Attachment to the Pyramid Lake Development Plan" by Chambers and Campbell, Inc. n.d.

- Conference packet: Indian Economic Development Conference, Seattle. May 24-25, 1967.

- Development proposal from City of America, Inc., Urban Research & Development Associates. 1969.

- "Marine Center" by Smith & Williams. 1963.

- "Report of Engineering Feasibility, Wadsworth Industrial Park for Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribal Council" by Sharp, Krater and Associates. 1968.

- "Pyramid Lake Development Plan" by Raymond M. Smith. n.d.

- Development proposal by Condor Chemical Corporation. 1969.

- "Appraisal Report of the Pyramid Lake Industrial Park Land, Wadsworth, Nevada for the Tribal Council of the PLPT" by Calvin S. Aerick. 1968.

Series 3 NC1035/3 Water. 11 cubic feet. 1935-1972.

Water for the preservation of Pyramid Lake has been and continues to be a major concern of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Indians. Robert Leland was engaged by the tribe in the later 1950s, largely to protect its water interests. Basing its claim to Lake Tahoe water on the Winters Doctrine (1908) which reserved water rights to Indians on the reservations, the PLPT has waged a continuing campaign to secure enough water to maintain the Lake (and consequently, its fisheries). In their efforts to develop the lake as a recreational area and to reestablish a fishery, the Pyramid Lake Paiutes have encountered competition from other water users beginning with the farmers who received water from the Newlands Project, the nation's first irrigation project in 1908. Later programs to utilize the waters of the Carson and Truckee Rivers such as the Washoe Project, authorized by Congress in 1956, and the California-Nevada Interstate Compact, 1968, caused tribal concern and were ultimately rejected on the grounds that Pyramid Lake water was being allocated to others. The tribe intervened in the U.S. vs Alpine Land and Reservoir Company court case in 1968, envisioning another threat to their water supply. In 1969, the Pyramid Lake Task Force was created to try and resolve water differences between the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe and other water users. Its findings denied the Indians' existing water rights to maintain Pyramid Lake and the tribe rejected its final report in 1971. In 1973, the United States and the PLPT filed a complaint against the State of Nevada, the Truckee Carson Irrigation District and other water users to preserve and maintain the Pyramid Lake and Truckee River fisheries. Litigation is still in progress.

The material in this series addresses all of the above stated issues and consists of correspondence, reports, speeches, statements, articles, news clippings, position papers, news releases, tribal resolutions, hand-written notes, telephone messages and printed materials (primarily court documents).

As the material was removed from Leland's post binder, it was, for the most part, kept intact, although some attempt has been made to group larger subject categories together. Materials which had been retained by Leland and later donated by Mrs. Leland were interfiled into this arrangement as much as possible. While every effort was made to integrate material received in 1986 and 1989 into the previous accession, it proved physically difficult to accomplish in all cases, resulting in blocks of a subseries (such as Pyramid Lake materials) being filed non-sequentially. The researcher is advised to read the full listing of folder titles for this series to avoid missing materials.

Boxes 10, 11, and 12 include material dealing with water issues from 1944 to 1972. Generally, the documents were marked "Washoe" or "Water" by Leland. Box 13 contains materials related to the Interim Advisory Committee on Operating Criteria and Procedures, Truckee and Carson River Basins, 1966-1972. Also in Box 13, in Box 14, and in Boxes 18 and 19 are materials related specifically to Pyramid Lake, including folders on the Pyramid Lake Task Force. Parts of Boxes 14 and 15 contain material on the California-Nevada Interstate Compact and on the Winters Doctrine. The rest of the series, Boxes 15, 16, 17, 18 are litigation materials from the court cases mentioned above.

Box 10

3/1-19 - Water - "Washoe Project." 1944-Dec. 1966.

Box 11

3/20-38 - Water - "Washoe Project." Sept. 1966-Dec. 1968.

Box 12

3/39-47 - Water - "Washoe Project." Jan. 1969-1972.

3/48 - Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Nevada Water Conference. 1969.

3/49 - Washoe Project, 1963-1964. Contract, report of Fact Finding Committee, Per Farm Evaluation of Benefits to Carson Valley.

3/50-65 - Water. Pre-1960s-April 1969.

Box 13

3/66-72 - Water. May 1969-Dec. 1970.

3/73 - Newspaper clippings about water. 1970-1975.

3/74 - Central Lahontan River Basin Survey. [1966].

3/75 - "Water Resources of Nevada: Inventory of Printed Information and Data" (draft) by Hugh A. Shamberger. Mar. 1967.

3/76 - "Bibliography of Material Presented in Seminars Conducted by Oregon State University Water Resources Research Institute." 1965.

3/77 - "Preliminary Investigation of Bank Erosion on the Truckee River" (with photos) by H. E. Craig, USDA Soil Conservation Service. 1936.

3/78 - Truckee River Agreement (annotated). June 13, 1935.

3/79 - Truckee-Carson Irrigation District (TCID). 1964-1964-1965.

3/80 - "Report on Lower Truckee-Carson River Hydrology Studies" by Clyde-Criddle-Woodward, Inc. 1968.

3/81 - "Final Report on Water-Use Improvement Study of the Truckee-Carson River Basin" by Clyde-Criddle-Woodward, Inc. Sept. 1971.

3/82 - Contract between the U.S. and TCID, 1926. News release "Sec. Hickle Opposes Compact Affecting Pyramid Lake Indian Rights," 1969.

3/83-87 - Advisory Committee on Operating Criteria, Truckee and Carson River Basins, 1966-1972.

3/88-94 - Pyramid Lake water. Correspondence, clippings, reports. 1971-1982.

3/95 - "Water and Pyramid Lake - The Problem and A Solution," 1973; and Lake Tahoe Economic Survey, 1962.

3/96 - "An Economic Analysis of the Alternative Uses for the Truckee River Water Allotted to the Pyramid Lake Indians" by Glen D. Fulcher. June 1959.

3/97 - "Report on the Natural Flow of the Truckee River and its Relationship to the Decreed Water Rights of the Indians on the Pyramid Lake Reservation" by Judd Allsop. March 1958.

Box 14

3/98 - "Hydrological Investigations in Pyramid Lake Basin, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Nevada" by Clyde-Criddle-Woodward, Inc. Feb. 1968.

3/99 - "Save Pyramid Lake by Stopping Water Waste," no author. n.d.

3/100 - "Congressional Approval of the California-Nevada Interstate Compact Will Destroy Pyramid Lake, Correlated with `Analysis of Pyramid Lake Task Force - Final Report'" by William H. Veeder. 1972.

3/101-105 - Pyramid Lake Task Force (includes final report). 1969-1972.

3/106-108 - California-Nevada (water) Interstate Compact Commission. 1963-1971. See also Box 18, 3/202.

3/109-111 - California-Nevada Interstate Compact. 1964-1970.

3/112 - "Proposed Report, Action Program for Resource Development, Truckee and Carson River Basins, California and Nevada." Sept. 1964.

3/113 - Comments of the State of California on Proposed Report (3/109). Sept. 25, 1964.

3/114 - Public Hearing Held in Re: Action Program... (3/109). Sept. 21, 1964.

3/115 - Action Program for Resource Development.... Oct. 1964.

3/116 - "An Economic Analysis of Water Uses Within the Truckee-Carson System," final report by Environmental Dynamics, Inc. Aug. 1971.

Box 15

3/117-129 - California-Nevada Interstate Compact. 1965-1972.

Box 15

3/130 - "A Detailed Report on Fish and Wildlife Resources Affected by Stampede and Watasheamu Divisions, Washoe Project, California and Nevada" (preliminary draft) by the USDA, Fish and Wildlife Service. [1965 or 1966].

3/131-132 - Winters Doctrine.

3/133 - In the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. vs States of Nevada and California. 1972.

3/134-135 - Litigation: material related to the cases "Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe vs Rogers C. B. Morton; U.S. vs Sierra Valley Water Company, and Sierra Valley Water Company vs the U.S.; also other cases not involving Nevada or Nevada tribes. ca 1960s-1970s.

3/136-187 - Litigation - Orr Water Ditch Company.

Box 16

3/138-150 - Litigation - U.S. vs Alpine Land and Reservoir Company et al and PLPT. ca 1968.

3/151-153 - Litigation - PLPT vs Hickel and Mitchell.

Box 17

3/154-156 - Litigation - PLPT vs Rogers C. B. Morton. ca 1971-1972.

3/157-160 - Pyramid Lake Water opinions and decisions (analysis of previous related litigation in the federal courts).

3/161 - U.S. vs City of McAlester, Oklahoma et al.

3/162-189 - U.S. and PLPT vs TCID: appeals, summons, petitions, briefs, complaint, findings of fact and conclusions of law, and memorandum of decision.

Box 18

NOTE: Contents in this and Boxes 19-20 were added after initial arrangement was completed; some of contents are a continuation of previous folders in this series.

3/190-196 - U.S. and PLPT vs TCID. Briefs, petitions, statements, and appeal.

3/197-199 - U.S. vs Alpine Land and Reservoir Company et al. Proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law, decree, and brief.

3/200 - Letter from Assistant Secretary of the Interior transmitting a report and findings on the Washoe Project. June 14, 1955.

3/201 - Washoe Project contract between U.S. and Carson-Truckee Water Conservancy District. Sept. 1963.

3/202 - U.S. House of Representatives bill HR6078 granting consent and approval of Congress to the proposed California-Nevada Interstate Compact. Mar. 15, 1971.

3/203-204 - Numbers not assigned.

3/205 - "Second Major Progress Report on Water-Use Improvement Study of the Truckee-Carson River Basin" by Clyde-Criddle-Woodward, Inc. June 15, 1971.

3/206 - Proceedings of the 15th Annual Nevada Water Conference. Sept. 28-29, 1961.

3/207 - Number not assigned.

3/208 - "Water for Nevada. Special Summary Report, Nevada State Water Plan" by the Nevada State Engineer's Office, Division of Water Resources. Nov. 1974.

3/209 - "Water for Nevada. Special Information Report. Water - Legal and Administrative Aspects" by the Nevada State Engineer's Office. Sept. 1974.

3/210 - "Some Major Problems in the Operation of the Law of Water Rights in the West: A Report Submitted to the Water Resources Committee of the National Resources Planning Board by its Subcommittee on State Water Law." Jan. 1, 1943.

3/211 - Nevada water laws. 1959; 1966.

3/212 - California water laws. 1960, 1964.

3/213 - "Waters and Water Rights - Indian Water Rights" by Edward W. Clyde. n.d.

3/214-215 - Dictionary of legal water terms [compiled by Leland?]. n.d.

3/216 - Copy of Public Law 88-378, 88th Congress "An Act to Establish Water Resource Research Centers." July 17, 1974.

3/217 - Proposed Carson River Decree, 1950, Based on 1941 Government Briefs (1950 Interim Interlocutory Decree).

3/218 - "Water Resources and Land Use of the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration. Oct. 1970.

Box 19

3/219 - "Hydrological Investigations of Pyramid Lake Basin, Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation" by Clyde-Criddle-Woodward, Inc. Feb. 1968.

3/220 - "Showdown at Pyramid Lake" by Ted Benhari in Scanlon's, Vol. 1 No. 3, May 1970.

3/221 - Number not assigned.

3/222 - "Domestic Water Potential, Pyramid Lake." Oct. 19, 1965.

3/223 - "Pyramid Lake: A Symbol of Indian Water Rights" by Charles Trimble in The Sentinel, Winter 1971.

3/224 - "Report on the Natural Flow of the Truckee River and its Relationship to the Decreed Water Rights of the Indians on the Pyramid Lake Reservation" by Judd Allsop, BIA. Mar. 1958.

3/225 - "Human and Resource Values, Lower Truckee River Area, on the Pyramid Lake Reservation" by the BIA, Phoenix Area. Aug. 1959.

3/226 - "Paiute Tribe Position Paper on Proposed Litigation," by John Frank of Lewis Rocha Beauchamp & Linton. July 1968.

3/227 - "Report on Pyramid Lake Investigation" by the Department of the Interior, National Park Service Region 4. Jan. 1947.

3/228 - "Mudlumps Again Form in Pyramid Lake" by M. D. Mifflin. Mar. 4, 1969. "They're Killing Pyramid Lake" by Don Lynch in Field & Stream Magazine. Jan. 1970.

3/229-231 - Pyramid Lake and water clippings.

Box 20

3/232-239 - Pyramid Lake and water clippings. 1955-1966; 1980s.

Series 4 NC1035/4 Indian Claims. 3 cubic feet. 1946-1972.

The Indian Claims Commission was created by Congress in 1946 to hear and determine claims of tribes, bands, and other groups of American Indians. In December, 1950, six Nevada reservation tribes, and later, seventeen individual Paiute Indians, filed a claim with the Commission for 50 million acres of lands in Nevada, western Idaho, southern Oregon and eastern California which they claimed were taken from the Northern Paiute nation between 1865 and 1882 without compensation. The case was known as the Northern Paiute Nation et al vs the United States Indian Claims Commission, Docket No. 87. The Indian Claims Commission issued a decision favorable to the Northern Paiutes on March 24, 1959 and an evaluation decision on November 4, 1965. Both the U.S. government and the Northern Paiutes appealed the 1956 decision. In July of 1968, Congress passed an act (PL 90-425) to appropriate money to the Northern Paiutes.

This series of the Leland papers contains his files on the Northern Paiute claims cases and additional material on claims cases within and outside Nevada. Included are correspondence, reports, resolutions, printed legal material, notes and news clippings.

Box 20

4/1-11 - Northern Paiute et al vs U.S. Decided March 24, 1959. 1959-1972.

4/12 - Bibliography of sources for Paiute claims case materials.

4/13-16 - Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe claims. Includes correspondence regarding attorneys' fees. 1946-1969.

Box 21

4/17-19 - Correspondence, con't. 1946-1969.

4/20-28 - Northern Paiutes et al vs U.S. Docket No. 87.

4/29 - The Snake or Paiute Indians of the Former Malheur Reservation in Oregon vs U.S. Docket No. 17.

4/30 - Pitt River Indians of California vs U.S. Docket Nos. 31, 37, 80, 347.

4/31-32 - Uintah Ute Indians of Utah vs U.S. Docket No. 44.

4/33 - The Crow Tribe of Indians vs U.S. Docket No. 54.

4/34 - The Southern Paiute Nation...The Moapa Band of Paiute Indians et al vs U.S. Docket Nos. 88, 330.

4/35 - Klammath and Modoc Tribes et al vs U.S. Docket No. 100.

4/36 - Shoshone Wind River Reservation in Wyoming vs U.S. Docket No. 157.

4/37 - The Cherokee Nation or Tribe of Indians vs U.S. Docket No. 173.

Box 22

4/38 - The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation vs U.S. Docket No. 186.

4/39 - The Washoe Tribe of the States of Nevada and California vs U.S. Docket No. 288.

4/40 - The Spokane Tribe of Indians et al vs U.S. Docket No. 331; Appeals Docket No. 5-62.

4/41-43 - The Shoshone Tribe vs U.S., Docket No. 326. Wind River Tribe, Wyoming vs U.S., Docket No. 367.

4/44-46 - Western Shoshone Identifiable Group, Represented by the Temoak Band of Western Shoshone Indians, Nevada vs U.S. Docket No. 326-K.

4/47-49 - The Confederated Bands of Ute Indians vs U.S. Docket No. 327.

4/50-51 - Shoshone-Bannock, Idaho vs U.S. Docket No. 366 and others.

4/52 - Miscellaneous materials.

4/53 - Handbook of North American Indians proposed claims case article by Leland. 1972.

4/54 - Indian Claims Commission annual reports. 1970, 1971.

Series 5 NC1035/5 Nevada Indians. 2 cubic feet. 1937-1970.

The material in this series concerns Nevada Indian tribes and bands other than the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe. Contents of each folder vary but may include correspondence, enrollment lists, and corporate charters. This series is arranged alphabetically by the name of the tribe or band.

Box 23

5/1 - Battle Mountain Indian Colony.

5/2 - Carson Colony. 1966.

5/3 - Directory of Nevada Tribal Organizations. 1969.

5/4 - Duck Valley Indian Reservation. 1961-1968.

5/5 - Ely Indian Colony. 1970.

5/6 - Fallon Colony. 1963-1967.

5/7 - Fort Bidwell. 1960-1963.

5/8-30 - Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation. 1961-1969.

5/21 - Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada. 1960-1969. (Additional material may also be found in Series 1, Box 3, folder 68.)

5/22 - Lovelock Paiutes. 1966-1968.

5/23 - Moapa Band Paiute Indians. 1966-1970.

Box 24

5/24-25 - Nevada Indian Affairs Commission. 1965-1969.

5/26 - Owens Valley Paiute-Shoshone Bands. 1939, 1962.

5/27-28 - Reno-Sparks Indian Colony. 1964-1970.

5/29 - Seminole Tribe of Florida. Corporate charter. 1957.

5/30 - Summit Lake Paiute Tribe. 1961-1965.

5/31 - Temoak Band Western Shoshone. 1962-1966.

5/32 - Walker River Reservation, Schurz. 1963-1969.

5/33 - Washoe Tribe. 1966.

5/34 - Yerington Paiute Tribe. 1937.

Series 6 NC1035/6 National Indian Organizations and Printed Material. .5 cu. ft. 1961-1970.

This series contains material pertaining to national Indian organizations and to American Indians in the United States. Included are newsletters of the Association on American Indian Affairs, Inc. and the National Congress of American Indians; material from the American Indian Chicago Conference, 1961, and the Indian Trust Council Authority, 1970; also correspondence, statements, reports, news releases and newspaper clippings concerning American Indians and Indian organizations. Title pages from government publications have been xeroxed for reference, as have miscellaneous printed materials which were transferred to the Special Collections Stacks.

Box 25

6/1 - American Indian Chicago Conference. 1961.

6/2 - Indian Affairs, newsletter of the Association of American Indian Affairs, Inc.

6/3 - Indian organizations.

6/4 - Indian Trust Council Authority. 1970.

6/5-7 - National Congress of American Indians.

6/8 - National Council on Indian Opportunity.

6/9 - Clippings.

6/10 - News releases, reports, newsletters.

6/11 - Statements, addresses.

6/12 - Xerox copies of front pages of printed materials transferred to stacks or Government Publications Department.

Series 7 NC1035/7 Bureau of Indian Affairs. .5 cubic feet. 1958-1971.

This series contains material concerning the Bureau of Indian Affairs. A portion of the documents were generated by the BIA, others are included because they were so designated by Leland. General materials include correspondence, tribal minutes and resolutions, reports, statements, memorandums, Leland's notes, news releases, and newspaper clips.

Box 25

7/1-5 - BIA. 1958-1969.

7/6 - Printed materials.

7/7-8 - News releases.

Series 8 NC1035/8 Leland vs Channel 2. 1 cubic foot. 1969-1971.

This series contains correspondence, contracts, reports, and court documents related to a suit which Leland successfully brought against Reno T.V. Channel 2 for defamation. The suit arose from a broadcast of December, 1969 on the subject of Leland's involvement in Pyramid Lake economic development proposals.

Court documents in this series contain testimony of two sources of the news cast, developer Gordon Novel and Dora Garcia, PLPT Tribal Council Secretary; t.v. reporter Westgate, and Robert Leland. Other materials include copies of development proposals submitted by Novel and others, correspondence about the suit and about development proposals, notes on conversations of various individuals, minutes of Tribal Council meetings, newspaper clippings, and a cassette tape recording of Channel 2's retraction on May 20, 1971.

These materials are restricted; permission must be obtained in advance from Mrs. Robert Leland.

Box 26

RESTRICTED: permission of Joy Leland required to access this box.

This box contains folders on Q. C. Lum and Associates, Gordon Novel, and E. Reeseman Fryer. Fryer was assistant commissioner
of the BIA; these files contain correspondence to, from, and about Fryer and his involvement in development of Pyramid Lake. Lum and Novel were also involved in development proposals (through Q. C. Lum and Associates and City of America Authority, Inc., respectively) which were turned down by the PLPT on the advice of tribal counsel Robert Leland. Researchers wishing access to these files must obtain permission from Mrs. Robert Leland.

Series 9 NC1035/9 Maps

This series contains approximately 150 maps and diagrams, all of which relate to the Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation. They can be summarized as follows:

- General and land maps of the area, some with hand-drawn additions. 1940-1963.
- Development maps which include a land use plan, promotional maps and renderings, a map showing lands to be leased on the reservation, and site analyses maps. 1945-1967.
- Project maps which include those showing proposed power lines, highway projects, telephone lines and pipeline locations. 1905-1962.
- Maps showing location of the Western Pacific Railway. 1905, 1908.
- Charts recording the 1960 budget and Tribal income and expenditures.
- Architectural drawings of the physician's and the superintendent's residences at the Paiute Agency, Nixon.
- Maps showing Paiute claims from Indian Claims Commission Docket 87.

These maps are stored in one map case drawer.

Series 10 NC1035/10 Obituary Notices.

Box 10

This series contains copies of obituary notices and memorial articles about Robert Leland's death; they were taken from newsletters and journals of organizations of which Leland was a member.

Series 11 NC1035/11 Photographs

All photographs in this collection have been transferred to the Special Collections photo archives as collection P89-50. Consisting of several hundred images, the photos include views of the following:

- Views of Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe representatives visiting the Great Western Cities, Inc. development at Pueblo, Colorado, 1960s.
- Pyramid Lake views by Jack Oates and Nevada Fish and Game, n.d.
- Trout caught at Sutcliffe and by Desert Inn guests, 1933.
- Flooded Truckee River at Wadsworth, 1952 or 1954.
- Portraits of members of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe from the Nevada State Museum and from Gus Bundy, n.d.
- Signing of legislation establishing the Indian Affairs Commission of Nevada, 1965 by John J. Nulty
- Portraits of Chief Winnemucca and Avery Winnemucca, n.d.
- Mrs. & Mrs. Robert Leland and Paiute representatives with Senator Howard Cannon, 1965.
- Portrait of Captain Dave Numana, n.d.
- Aerial view of downtown Reno, ca 1970s.
- Aerial views of Pyramid Lake, used in economic development efforts, ca 1960s.
- Formal portrait of Robert Leland, n.d.
- Views of Derby Dam, Truckee Canal, 1966.
- Informal portrait of Brother David, 1962.
- View of Pyramid Lake, with portraits of five Indian chiefs super-imposed over top, n.d.
- Views of Siphon Dam flood, 1958.
- Photos of Pyramid Lake from the Dept. of the Interior's "Report on Pyramid Lake Investigation, 1947."
- Oversize aerial views Fuller Lake, ca 1952.