A GUIDE TO THE RESEARCH COLLECTION OF

WARREN d’AZEVEDO

Collection no. 97-04

WARREN d’AZEVEDO

Warren Leonard d’Azevedo was born in Oakland, California, on August 19, 1920. He received his B.A. degree from the University of California, Berkeley, and his Ph.D. from Northwestern University in 1962.

d’Azevedo’s graduate studies in anthropology centered on western Africa where he lived during a graduate fellowship. He taught at Northwestern University, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Utah, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Nevada, Reno, as a cultural anthropologist.

In 1962 while teaching anthropology at the University of Utah he was asked to play a key role in developing and implementing the training of Peace Corps volunteer trainees recruited to teach in elementary and secondary schools in Liberia. He continued to serve as an area specialist for other Liberian Peace Corps training projects during the 1960s, instructing trainees at the University of Pittsburgh, Syracuse University, and San Francisco State College. He was also an advisor for programs in Nigeria and Sierra Leone.

Dr. d’Azevedo was invited to teach anthropology in the combined Psychology and Sociology Departments at the University of Nevada, Reno, in 1963. In 1967, a separate Anthropology Department was established and Dr. d’Azevedo was appointed the first chairman. He retired as professor emeritus in 1988.

In addition to an academic interest in Africa, d’Azevedo focused on the Washo Indians of Nevada and California. He began his contacts and studies of the Washo culture in 1952 while he was a graduate student at UC Berkeley under Dr. Albert Kroeber and Dr. Robert Heiser. He spent several years living in the vicinity of Hope Valley and Woodfords, California, and in the Carson Valley of Nevada, where he focused on the distribution of the Washo in their territory, tribal space, and in their history and their culture. His UCB mentors were involved in the development of the California Indian Claims case and d’Azevedo continued that interest. Through these studies d’Azevedo developed a far-reaching expertise in Washo studies, published extensively, and served as an expert witness in court actions involving claims-related and other legal cases.

Warren d’Azevedo directed two notable projects while at the University of Nevada, Reno. The first was the National Science Foundation Summer Field Training Project in Anthropology which Warren directed during its lifespan of 1964-1971. The project trained anthropology students in the fine art of conducting field studies. Records for the project have been donated by Dr. d’Azevedo to the Special Collections Department (collection 92-09).

The second project was the publication of a major reference volume on Indians of the Great Basin for the Smithsonian’s Handbook of North American Indians series. Warren served as editor for Volume 11 from its inception in 1970 to its publication in 1985. Records of that project were also donated to the Special Collections Department by Dr. d’Azevedo (collection 92-08).

d’Azevedo is married to the former Kathleen Addison and they have two children: Anya and Erik.

SCOPE AND CONTENT

The Warren d’Azevedo collection was donated to the Special Collections Department in 1987 by Dr. d’Azevedo. The collection consists of 9 cubic feet of material, dating from 1859-1992. There are no restrictions on the collection.

This collection reflects the donor’s years of research and teaching in the field of anthropology, exclusive of his work in African cultures. This material formerly was housed in Dr. d’Azevedo’s office filing cabinets. Additional materials from a related collection located in his home may be donated in the future.

The d’Azevedo collection consists of materials related to the study of anthropology, especially that of the Washo Indians of Nevada and California. Included are research papers and notes; articles; monographs; reprints; correspondence; legal files; records of the Washo Tribe; materials from the Great Basin Anthropological Conferences; clippings; references and copied materials from the Bureau of Indian Affairs records at the National Archives in San Bruno, California; and materials on contemporary Indians. Topics include the Washo, California and Great Basin anthropology, archaeology, baskets, linguistics, peyotism, mythology, food sharing, the Washo Cultural Center and Foundation, the founding of the Inter-Tribal Council, Pine Nut litigation, and Diamond Valley and the South Tahoe Public Utility District.

The collection consists solely of textual materials; there were no photographs or audio materials. The collection contained an extensive number of student research papers from anthropology and ethnic studies classes taught by d’Azevedo at the University of Nevada, Reno, which were transferred to the University Archives. A finding aid for that collection is available in the Archives.

Dr. d’Azevedo’s collection originally contained a great deal of photocopied materials and published monographs. Photocopies of title pages of monographs were made and the originals pulled from this manuscript collection for inclusion into the Special Collections or general library stacks. Photocopied title pages were usually grouped in one folder at the end of each series or subseries to provide researchers with references to those materials. Photocopies of journal articles or other published materials were treated in the same manner. If the journal in which the item was originally published was readily available, only the first page of the article was kept for future reference. Photocopied articles from obscure journal titles or other published sources were kept with the manuscript collection.

Before the collection was transferred to the Special Collections Department, manuscript curator Susan Searcy directed a project by student intern Penny Rucks to study the materials and recommend an archival arrangement. Rucks found the collection to be in good order (despite protests to the contrary from the donor) and that arrangement was, for the most part, retained. Some minor rearrangement of materials was undertaken to improve consistency.  Rucks’ original plan was to divide the collection into nine series with a number of subseries and that plan was followed with one exception: Series IX, Ethnic Studies, was eliminated when the contents were transferred to the University Archives.

This collection provides a rich resource for the study of the Washo Tribe of Nevada and California and for the study of anthropology in the state of Nevada. Three decades of scholars were trained by Dr. d’Azevedo, who generously shared his research and knowledge. It was Warren’s intention in donating these materials to the Special Collections Department that scholars continue to benefit from this rich resource.

Technical notes:

The terms Washo and Washoe are used throughout this guide when referring to the group of Native Americans inhabiting Washoe County, the Carson Valley, and other locales. The preferred spelling, according to the Library of Congress, is Washo and that spelling has been used extensively throughout this guide. However, in many of the titles included in the collection, the spelling was “Washoe.” Titles have been transcribed exactly, so that the reader will find both versions used in this guide. Likewise, the full legal name of the Washo is the Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California, but in some instances, published titles reversed the position of the words “California” and “Nevada.”

When transcribing information found on folder headings, titles of articles were placed in parentheses and titles of published books and monographs were placed in Italics. Information placed in square brackets [ ] was supplied by the collection processor, based on clues found within the folder.

Processed by:             Susan Searcy and Rebecca Richards

Assisted by:                Penny Rucks, student intern

Date:                          May 28, 1998

The research collection of Dr. Warren d’Azevedo was divided into the following series and subseries:

Series I            Research Files

Subseries I/1                Washo General

Subseries I/2                California Indians, Area History, and Geography

Subseries I/3                Great Basin Indians, Area History, and Geography

Subseries I/4                Other

Sub-subseries I/4/1            Class Readings

Subseries I/5                Archaeology

Subseries I/6                Baskets

Subseries I/7                Linguistics

Subseries I/8                Peyotism

Subseries I/9                Mythology

Subseries I/10              Food Sharing

Series II            Washo Tribal Records

Subseries II/1              Washo Tribal Material

Subseries II/2              Cultural Center and Foundation

Subseries II/3              Intertribal Council

Series III            Legislation, Litigation

Subseries III/1             General Reference

Subseries III/2             Claims Case

Subseries III/3             Individual Litigation

Subseries III/4             The Washoe Tribe vs State of Nevada Fish and Game (Pinenut

Mountains)

Subseries III/5             Diamond Valley/South Tahoe Public Utility District

Subseries III/6             Archival Materials from the San Bruno Branch, National Archives

Series IV            Research Papers

Subseries IV/1             Manuscript Drafts and Correspondence of Authors to d’Azevedo

Subseries IV/2             Grant Proposals

Subseries IV/3             Student Papers

Series V            Great Basin Anthropological Conferences

Series VI           Miscellaneous Clippings

Series VII         Correspondence and Miscellaneous

Series VIII        Contemporary Indians

97-04/I                                    Series I. Research Files. 1860-1990.                           3.25 cu. ft.

This series contains published reports, reprints, and a few unpublished papers collected and organized by the donor for general reference and for specific research topics. The series was divided into ten subseries, the first three of which are geographic in nature, while the latter seven are topical. Many of the folders in this series contained published monographs or photocopies of published materials which were eliminated according to the appraisal criteria listed in the Scope and Content Note.  Within each subseries, the arrangement is generally alphabetical by author. The folder listing below contains only the name of author, paper title, and date; full publication information is usually available inside each folder.

97-04/I/1                     Series I, Subseries 1. Washo Indians and Culture General Files.     1877-1983.            .25 cu. ft.

This subseries includes topics that range from general anthropology and history to individual oral histories and acculturation. Most items consist of research notes, articles, or excerpts from articles pertaining to the Washo or Washo territories. Also included is a series of genealogical materials transcribed from Camp Richardson, Lake Tahoe, grave sites. Arranged alphabetically by author or title. Title pages of photocopied title pages were placed in the last folder of the subseries.

BOX 1

I/1/1             Alpine Heritage: One Hundred Years of History, Recreation, Lore in Alpine County, Calif., 1864-1964. Centennial Book                      Committee. [1864]

I/l/2              Bancroft, Hubert Howe. Works. History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540­-1888. Notes from pp 206-207.

I/1/3             Beckwith [excerpts from diary] - exploration. n.d.

I/1/4             Burton, R.F. City of the Saints. 1963.

I/1/5             Camp, Charles L., ed. James Clyman, Frontiersman. Portland: Champoeg Press, 1960. I/1/6     Davis, James T.  Various publications.

I/1/7             d’Azevedo, Warren. “Comments on Tribal Distribution (Washo).” 1966.

I/1/8             De Quille, Dan. History of the Big Bonanza. 1877. Notes from pp. 20, 259.

I/1/9             DeWitt-Warr, Vernille. “Destitute Nevada Indians.” 1913.

I/1/10           Egan, Ferol. “The Road to Washoe: Crossing the Sierra Nevada.” March/April, 1983.

I/1/11           Fowler, Don D. and Catherine S. Fowler. "Stephen Powers’ ‘The Life and Culture of the Washo and Paiutes. "’ 1971.

I/1/12           Freed, Stanley A. and Ruth S. Freed. “Mohave and Washo Role Behavior.” July 19, 1968.

        Freed, Stanley A. “A Comparison of the Reactions of Washo and Mohave Respondents to an Objective Technique (Role Profile Test) for 

            Measuring Role Behavior.” 1965.

I/1/13           James, George Wharton. The Lake of the Sky, Lake Tahoe... Pasadena: The Radiant

        Life Press, 1921.

I/1/14           Merriam, C. Hart. Mss notes on distribution and vocabulary of the Washoo [sic].

I/1/15           Mooney, James. “The Aboriginal Population of America North of Mexico.” 1928.

I/1/16           -- “The Ghost Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890.” 1896.

I/1/17           Price, John A. “Cultural Divergence Related to Urban Proximity of American Indian Reservations.” 1971.

I/1/18           Power, Stephen. “Centennial Mission.” 1877.

I/1/19           Riddell, Fritz. “Honey Lake Paiute Ethnography.” 1960. I/1/20 Rust, H.H. “Survivals of the Stone Age.” 1897.

I/1/21           Sample, L.L. “Trade and Trails in Aboriginal California.” 1950. I/1/22 Camp Richardson grave sites - informants’ notes.

I/1/23           Photocopies of title pages of removed materials.

97-04/I/2                     Series I, Subseries 2.             California Indians and Area History and Geography. 1860-­1975.            .25 cu. ft.

The contents of this subseries are much the same as subseries 1 but relate instead to Indians in California, concentrating on the Miwok, Maidu, and Nisenan. Arranged alphabetically by name of author.

BOX 1

I/2/1             Barrett, S.A. “The Geography and Dialects of the Miwok Indians.” 1908.

I/2/2             Barrett and Gifford. “Miwok Material Culture.” 1933.

I/2/3             Baumhoff Martin A. Ecological Determinants ofAboriginal California Populations. 1963.

I/2/4             Beals, Ralph L. “Ethnology of the Nisenan.” 1933.

I/2/5            Bennyhoff James Allen. Ethnogeography of the Plains Miwok. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, [Berkeley]. 1961.

I/2/6            Dixon, Roland B. and A.L. Kroeber. “The Native Languages of California.” 1903.

I/2/7            Dixon, Roland B. “The Northern Maidu.” 1905.

I/2/8             -- “Maidu.” 1911.

I/2/9             Garth, Thomas R. “Atsugewi Ethnography.” 1953.

I/2/10           Gayton, A.H. “Yokuts and Western Mono Ethnography.” 1948.

I/2/11           Gifford, Edward Winslow. “Miwok Moieties.” 1916.

I/l/12             Mayyette, C. “The Lovelock Chinese Settlement: Archaeological and Historical Investigation Preliminary Report.” 1975.

I/2/13            Merriam, C. Hart. “Distribution and Classification of the Mewan Stock.” 1907.

I/2/14           -- “Map of the Pit River Tribes.” 1926.

I/2/15           -- “The Dawn of the World.” 1910.

I/2/16a         Mooney, James. “Aboriginal Population of America.” 1928.

I/2/16b         Powers, Stephen. “Tribes of California.” 1877.

I/2/17           Taylor, Alex. S. “The Indianology of California.” Oct. 26, 1860.

I/2/18           Photocopies of title pages.

97-04/I/3                     Series I, Subseries 3.            Great Basin Indians, Area History, and Geography. 1861­-1982.            .5 cu. ft.

Included are publications from journals and monographs related to Indians of the Great Basin. This subseries includes a coherent collection of works by and about Omer Stewadt, although much of his work has general application to the field of anthropology and over a larger geographic area. Other well-known authors include Don D. and Catherine Fowler, Willard Z. Park, D.B. Shimkin, Donald Tuohy, Julian Steward and others. Arranged alphabetically by name of author.

BOX 1

I/3/1            Bettinger, Robert L. “Aboriginal Sociopolitical Organization in Owens Valley: Beyond the Family Band.” 1983.

I/3/2            Butler, B. Robert. “Late Period Cultural Sequences in the Northeastern Great Basin Subarea and their Implications for the Upper Snake                 and Salmon River Country.” 1981.

I/3/3            Davis, Sam P. “The Nevada Piutes.” 1905.

I/3/4            Fowler, Catherine S. “Food-Named Groups Among Northern Paiute in North America’s Great Basin: An Ecological Interpretation.” n.d.

I/3/5            -- “Some Ecological Clues to Proto-Numic Homelands.” 1972.

I/3/6-7        Fowler, Catherine S. and Don D. Fowler. “North American Great Basin Indians.” 1974.

I/3/8            Number not assigned.

I/3/9            Fowler, Catherine S. and Joy Leland. “Some Northern Paiute Native Categories.” Oct. 1967.

I/3/10          Fowler, Don D. “The ‘Vanishing Savage’ and the Bureau of American Ethnology.” n.d. 

I/3/11             -- “History of Great Basin Anthropological Research, 1776-1979.” 1980.

I/3/12           Gleason, Henry A. and Arthur Cronquist. The Natural Geography of Plants. 1964. I/3/13   Goss, James A. “A Basin-Plateau                         Shoshonean Ecological Model.” 1972.

I/3/14           Hanes, Richard C. “Cultural Persistence in Nevada: Current Native American Issues.”

        April, 1982.

I/3/15          Hittman, Michael. “The 1870 Ghost Dance: A Re-Examination.” 1973.

                     “The 1890 Ghost Dance Religion and Opiate Addiction Among Smith and Mason Valley Paiutes: Disillusionment or Retreatism?” Nov.                                    1971.

I/3/16            Murdock, George Peter. “Ethnographic Bibliography of North America.” 1941.

I/3/17           Park, Willard Z. “Paviotso Polyandry.” 1937.

                          “Tribal Distribution in the Great Basin.” 1938.

                         “Culture Succession in the Great Basin.” n.d.

                         “Shamanism in Western North America.” n.d.

I/3/18             Watkins, Linda A. “Indian Leadership in the Reno-Sparks Area.” 1970.

I/3/19              Remy, Jules. Excerpts regarding Paiute. 1861.

I/3/20              Shimkin, Demitri B. “Comanche-Shoshone Words of Acculturation, 1786-1848.” 1980.

I/3/21             Shimkin, Demitri B. And Russell M. Reid. “Socio-Cultural Persistence among Shoshoneans of the Carson River Basin (Nevada).” n.d.

I/3/22             Speth, Lembi Kongas. “Possible Fishing Cliques Among the Northern Paiutes of the Walker River Reservation, Nevada.” 1969.

I/3/23             Steward, Julian H. “Linguistic Distributions and Political Groups of the Great Basin Shoshoneans.” 1937.

I/3/24             Number not assigned.

I/3/25             -- “Some Observations on Shoshonean Distributions.” 1939.

I/3/26             -- “Cultural Ecology.” 1968.

                             Review of the Evolution of Culture: The Development of Civilization to the Fall of Rome. 1960.

                              “Cultural Causality and Law: A Trial Formulation of the Development of Early Civilizations.” 1949.

                             “Native Cultures of the Intermontane (Great Basin) Area.” 1940.

I/3/27             Number not assigned.

I/3/28               --“The Current Status of Anthropological Research in the Great Basin: 1964.” 1966.

I/3/29               -- “Ethnography of Owens Valley Paiute.” 1933.

I/3/30               -- Obituary of. 1973.

I/3/31                 Stewart, Omer C. “Washo-Northern Paiute Peyotism: A Study in Acculturation.” 1944.

I/3/32               -- “Culture Element Distributions: XIV Northern Paiute.” 1939.

I/3/33               -- “Tribal Distributions and Boundaries in the Great Basin.” n.d.

I/3/34               -- “The Western Shoshone of Nevada and the U.S. Government, 1863-1950.” 1974.

I/3/35-37         -- Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute. 1933.

I/3/38               Tuohy, Donald R. “Notes on the Demography of the Kuyuitikadi, the Pyramid Lake Paiute.” n.d.

I/3/39-40         Photocopies of title pages.

97-94/I/4                     Series I, Subseries 4.             Other Materials. 1913-1974. .25 cu. ft.

This subseries includes both works related to general anthropological theory and history and focused studies in anthropology in geographic areas other than the Great Basin or California. Included is a sub-subseries of resource materials used to teach anthropology and other classes. Arranged alphabetically.

BOX 2

I/4/1                 Driver, Cooper, et al. “Indian Tribes of North America” map. n.d.

I/4/2                 Elko Community College [Northern Nevada C.C.], Learning Resources Center. “American Indian Collection.” 1974.

I/4/3                 Harris, Marvin. “A Taxonomy of Significant Food Surpluses.” 1959.

I/4/4                Wax, Rosalie H. and Robert K. Thomas. “American Indians and White People.” 1961.

I/4/5                Walker, Jr., Deward E. “Acculturative Stages in the Plateau Culture Area.” 1961.

I/4/6                 Suttles, Wayne. “On the Cultural Track of the Sasquatch.” n.d.

I/4/7                 -- “Spirit Dancing and the Persistence of Native Culture Among the Coast Salish.” 1960.

I/4/8                Photocopies of title pages of items not retained in collection.

97-04/I/4/1                  Series I, Subseries 4, Sub-subseries l. References Used for Other Classes.

BOX 2

I/4/1/1              Boon, James A. “Further Operations of ‘Culture’ in Anthropology: A Synthesis of and for a Debate.” 1972.

Parsons, Talcott. “Culture and Social System Revisited.” 1972.

I/4/1/2              Bohannan, Paul. “Rethinking Culture: A Project for Current Anthropologists.” 1973.

I/4/1/3              Firth, Raymond. “The Skeptical Anthropologist? Social Anthropology and Marxist Views on Society.” 1975.

I/4/1/4              Eggan, Fred. “Social Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Comparison.”                           1954.

I/4/1/5              Evans-Pritchard, E.E. “The Failure of the Comparative Method.” 1963.

I/4/1/6              Goodenough, Ward H. “Culture, Language, and Society.” 1971.

I/4/1/7              Kroeber, A.L. “What Culture Is.” 1923.

I/4/1/8              -- “Culture and the Levels of Knowledge.” 1948.

I/4/1/9              Kluckhohn, Clyde and W.H. Kelly. “The Concept of Culture.” 1945.

I/4/1/10            Kroeber. Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America. 1963.

I/4/1/11            Kroeber and Kluckhohn. “Summary,” from Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. n.d.

I/4/1/12            Netting, Robert McC. “The Ecological Approach in Cultural Study.” 1971.

I/4/1/13            Malinowski, Bronislaw. “Subject, Scope and Method of Ethnographic Work.” n.d. Kroeber, A.L. and Talcott Parsons. “The Concepts of Culture and of Social System.” 1958.

I/4/1/14            Sahlins. “Marxism and Two Structuralism.” n.d.

I/4/1/15            Scheffler, Harold W. “Structuralism in Anthropology.” n.d.

I/4/1/16            Wissler, Clark. The American Indian: An Introduction to the Anthropology of the New World. 1950.

I/4/1/17            D’Aquili, Eugene G. “The Biopsychological Determinants of Culture.” 1972.

Dr. Warren d’Azevedo 97-04

I/4/1/18            Geertz, C. The Interactions of Culture. 1973.

I/4/1/19            Goldenweiser, Alexander. “The Principle of Limited Possibilities in the Development of Culture.” 1913.

I/4/1/20            No author. “Incipient Adaptions: The Primate Background.” n.d.

Hallowell, A. Irving. “The Protocultural Foundations of Human Adaptation.” 1961.

Washburn, Sherwood L. and David A. Hamburg. “The Study of Primate Behavior.” 1965.

Schaller, George B. and John T. Emlen. “Observations on the Ecology and Social Behavior of the Mountain Gorilla.” 1963.

DeVore, Irven and Sherwood L. Washburn. “Baboon Ecology and Human Evolution.” 1963.

Sahlins, Marshall D. “The Origin of Society.” 1960.

Kummer, Hans and Fred Kurt. “Social Units of a Free-Living Population of Hamadryas Baboons.” 1963.

I/4/1/21            Kroeber, A.L. “Causes in Culture.” 1947.

I/4/1/22            Murdock, George Peter. “Anthropology’s Mythology.” 1971.

                                       “British Social Anthropology.” 1965.

        Evans-Pritchard, E.E. “Social Anthropology: Past and Present.” 1950.

        Firth, Raymond. “Contemporary British Social Anthropology.” 1951.

I/4/1/23a          Opler, Morris E. “Cultural Evolution, Southern Athapaskans, and Chronology in            Theory.” 1961.

I/4/l/23b            Rivers, W.H.R. “The Ethnological Analysis of Culture.” 1926.

I/4/1/24            Schneirla, T.C. “The ‘Levels’ Concept in the Study of Social Organization in Animals.” n.d.

I/4/1/25            Schwartz, Gary. “Youth Culture: An Anthropological Approach.” 1972.

I/4/1/26            Watson, O. Michael. “Symbolic and Expressive Uses of Space: An Introduction to Proxemic Behavior.” 1972.

I/4/1/27            White, Leslie A. “The Symbol: The Original and Basis of Human Behavior.” 1944.

I/4/1/28            Weiss, Gerald. “A Scientific Concept of Culture.” 1973.

97-94/I/5                     Series I, Subseries 5. Archaeology. 1927-1985.             .5 cu. ft.

The donor’s references in this subfield of anthropology include papers by colleagues, mostly in Washo traditional areas and the Great Basin. Several reports deal with South Lake Tahoe’s proposed wastewater treatment facility near Diamond Valley, Alpine County, California. For additional materials on this project see Series III/5. Arranged alphabetically by name of author.

BOX 2

I/5/1                Aikens, C. Melvin. Surface Archeology of Southwestern Washoe County, Nevada: The G. W. Smith Collection. 1972.

I/5/2                Bettinger, Robert L. The Surface Archaeology of the Long Valley Caldera, Mono County, California. 1976.

I/5/3-4             Bettinger. Various articles.

I/5/5                 Elston, Robert. “A Test Excavation at the Dangberg Hot Spring Site, Douglas County, Nevada.” n.d. 

                            Also, other articles from the Nevada Archaeological Survey Reporter.

I/5/6                 Elston, Robert and David Turner. “An Archeological Reconnaissance of the Southern Truckee Meadows, Washoe County, Nevada.”

                            1968.

I/5/7                 Eyman, Frances. “The Teshoa, A Shoshonean Woman’s Knife: A Study of American Indian Chopper Industries.” 1964.

I/5/8                 Hardesty, Donald L. “Ecology, Economics and Evolutionary Explanation in Economic Prehistory.” 1983.

I/5/9                Intermountain Research. “A Proposal for Data Recovery.” [Diamond Valley]. 1983.

I/5/10               --“Proposed Data Recovery at Archaeological Sites 4-ALP-0222H and 4-ALP-o223, Alpine County, California.” [Diamond Valley]. 

                                     1985.

I/5/11               -- and Steven R. James. “Test Excavations at the Indian Creek Archaeological Sites, Alpine County, California.” [Diamond Valley]. 

                                    1983.

I/5/12               Jennings, Jesse D. “Early Man in Utah.” 1960.

I/5/13               -- “The Short Useful Life of a Simple Hypothesis.” 1973.

I/5/14               Magee, Molly. “A Flat-Bottomed Earthenware Vessel from Central Nevada.” 1964.

I/5/15               No author. “How Well Did Indians Manage Land, Wildlife? 1975.

I/5/16               Pendleton, Lorann S. And David Hurst Thomas. “The Fort Sage Drift Fence, Washoe County, Nevada.” 1983.

I/5/17               Price, John A. “Ground Stone Artifacts of the Great Basin.” 1961.

I/5/18               Schellbach, Louis. “A Bone Implement of the Washo.” 1927.

I/5/19               Thomas, David H. “An Empirical Test for Steward’s Model of Great Basin Settlement Patterns.” 1971.

I/5/20               Tuohy, Donald R. “Two Conical Wood Houses Near Masonic, Mono County, California.” [1969].

I/5/21               Zeier, Charles D. and Intermountain Research. “Test Excavation of 4-Alp-63, Alpine County, California.” [Diamond Valley]. 1985.

I/5/22               Intermountain Research. “Continuing Archaeological Investigations on Behalf of South Tahoe Public Utility District in Alpine County,                     California.” [Diamond Valley]. 1985.

I/5/23               Title pages from materials not retained.

97-04/I/6                     Series I. Subseries 6. Washoe Basketry and Basket Makers. 1895-1988.   11 folders.

This subseries includes original manuscripts of publications with d’Azevedo’s comments and correspondence with authors Cohodes and Kern, as well as Warren’s evaluation of the former’s research proposals. Related materials may also be found in manuscript collection 92-08, records of d’Azevedo as editor of volume 11 of the Smithsonian’s Handbook of North American Indians.

BOX 2

I/6/1             Cohn, C. Amy. “Arts and Crafts of the Nevada Indians.” 1909.

I/6/2             Cohodas, Marvin. Degikup: Washoe Fancy Basketry, 1895-1935.

I/6/3             -- “Lena Frank Dick: An Outstanding Washoe Basket Weaver.” 1979.

I/6/4             --Grant application for his project, “Washo Basketry 1890-1930: Datsolalee and Her Contemporaries.” 1977.

BOX 3

I/6/5             -- “Washoe Basketweaving: An Historical Outline.” [1988].—Correspondence with d’Azevedo.

                          “Washoe Innovators and Their Patrons.” n.d.—“Louisa Keyser and the Cohns.” n.d.

1/6/6           Dawson, Larry E. “Washo Basketry.” 1983.

I/6/7           -- Correspondence. 1983.

I/6/8           -- Correspondence. 1984.

I/6/9            Gordon, G.B. “The Richard Waln Meirs Collection.” 1919.

I/6/10          Kern, Jr., Norval C. “A Presentation of Sculpture: A Synthesis of a Desire Alphabet Derived from the Art Forms of a Primitive People.”                 1968.

I/6/11          Photocopies of title pages of materials not retained.

97-94/I/7                     Series I. Subseries 7. Linguistics. 1961-1982.             .5 cu. ft.

This subseries pertains mostly to the Washo language but also includes references to other Indian languages: Shoshone, Paiute, etc. Included are a few student papers, several undated papers by William H. Jacobson, and correspondence between Jacobson and d’Azevedo, including a particularly interesting transcription of a Washo prayer by the former. Arranged alphabetically by the name of the author.

BOX 3

I/7/1         Fowler, Catherine S. and Joy Leland. “Some Southern Paiute Native Categories.” 1967.—Figure 1 from Northern Paiute Ethnobotany: 

                        A Preliminary Report. 1976.

I/7/2         Goss, James A. “Linguistic Tools for the Great Basin Prehistorian.” 1977.

I/7/3         Hill, Jane H. “Language Contact Systems and Human Adaptations.” 1978.

1/7/4        Jacobson, William H. “Washo Internal Diversity and External Relations.” n.d.—“Why Does Washo Lack a Passive?” n.d.

I/7/5         -- “Gender and Personification in Washo.” 1979.

I/7/6         --“A Glimpse of the Pre-Washo Pronominal Systems.” n.d.—“Washo Bipartite Verb Stems.” n.d.

I/7/7         --“Washo and Surrounding Languages.” [1961].—A Rhythmic Principle in Washo Morphotactics.” “Gumsaba’ay” by Clara Frank.

        Key to Washo tape recordings by William H. Jacobson, Jr.

I/7/8         Hulse, James. “Language in Evolution: The Tales of Two Linguistic ‘Engineers.”’ Laird, Charlton. No title [article about Dr. Sven Liljeblad].  

                    1982.

I/7/9         Miller, Wick R. “The Death of a Language or Serendipity Among the Shoshoni.” 1968.

                     “Shoshoni Dialectology.” 1967.

I/7/10       Shimkin, Demitri B. “Comanche-Shoshone Words of Acculturation, 1786-1848.” 1980.

I/7/11       Van Winkle, Barrik. “Lexical Retention Among English-Speaking Washo.” 1977.

I/7/12       Werner, Oswald and Kenneth Y Begishe. “A Programmed Instruction Book to Navajo Transcription.” n.d.

I/7/13       American Language Courses.

I/7/14       Photocopies of title pages of materials not retained.

97-04/I/8               Series 1, Subseries 8. Peyotism. 1938-1987.               .5 cu. ft.

The study of peyotism was one of d’Azevedo’s most prominent areas of research. Included are a large file of interesting exchanges between d’Azevedo and Dr. Michael Hittman on their respective research on peyote (Washo/Paiute), several of Hittman’s manuscripts with d’Azevedo’s comments and correspondence, clipping files, miscellaneous articles and a book review by Omer Stewart, and correspondence with Folkways Records. The clippings files contain information on the legal status of peyotism, the Native American Church, general drug use in the U. S. from the 1950s-1970s, letters by the donor supporting legislation to permit peyotism, a student paper on the subject, and the donor’s power of attorney from the Washo Tribe (1954). The Folkways Records file contains documents and correspondence related to work on Washo peyote songs from 1955 through the 1970s when the record company published songs in a recording, and correspondence between d’Azevedo and Alan Merriman about a paper they co-authored when the former was in the field in Africa.

Arranged alphabetically by author’s name or topic.

BOX 3

I/8/1            d’Azevedo, Warren. “Some Recent Developments in the Spread of the American Indian Native Church (Peyotist) Among the Washo.”     

                        1954.

I/8/2             -- “Peyote: Fact and Fancy.” n.d.

I/8/3            Dustin, C. Burton. Peyotism and New Mexico. 1962.

I/8/4            Hittman, Michael. “Opiates, Peyote & Federal Dependency: Why the Smith and Mason Valley Numu (Northern Paiute) Rejected 

                        Peyotism.” [1983].

I/8/5-6         -- “Nomogwet (Half-Breed)/Conversations with an Old-Timer.” [1983].

I/8/7             Lieber, Michael D. “Opposition to Peyotism Among the Western Shoshone: The Message of Traditional Belief.” 1972.

I/8/8             Merriam, Alan P. and Warren L. D’Azevedo. “Washo Peyote Songs.” 1957.

I/8/9             Stewart, Omer. Review of Dwellers of the Source: Southwestern Indian Photographs of A. C. Vroman, 1895-1904. 1975.     

                            “Origin of the Peyote Religion in the United States.” 1974.

                             Radio interview. 1938.

                “Washo-Northern Paiute Peyotism: A Study in Acculturation.” 1939.

                Article about Omer Stewart. 1987.

I/8/10           Merriam, Alan and Warren d’Azevedo. Correspondence regarding peyote songs. 1955­1972.

I/8/11           Roach, Dale A. “William R. Turtle, Sr.: on Indian Ways.” 1981.

I/8/12           Native American Church. 1964.

I/8/13           Stewart, Omer C. “The Native American Church (Peyote Cult) and the Law.” 1961.

                      “The Native American Church and the Law with Description of Peyote Religious Services.” 1961.

I/8/14           Report of the Nevada Indian Affairs Commission. 1965-66;1966-67.

I/8/15           La Barre, Weston. “Twenty Years of Peyote Studies.” 1958.

I/8/16           James, Earl. Correspondence. 1965.

I/8/17           d’Azevedo’s membership card as an honorary member of the League of North American Indians. n.d.

I/8/18           Home Mission Council of North America. What About Peyote?.